Lightning strikes during a night-time thunderstorm. Energy is radiated as light when powerful electric currents flow through the Earth's atmosphere.

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Electric

Electricity (from Greek ήλεκτρον (electron) "amber") is a general term for the variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. Together with magnetism, it constitutes the fundamental interaction known as electromagnetism. more...

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It includes many well-known physical phenomena such as lightning, electric fields and electric currents, and is put to use in industrial applications such as electronics and electric power.

Concepts in electricity

In casual usage, the term electricity is applied to several related concepts that are better identified by more precise terms:

Electric potential (often referred to as voltage) - the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static electric field.; Electric current - a movement or flow of electrically charged particles.; Electric field - an effect produced by an electric charge that exerts a force on charged objects in its vicinity.; Electrical energy - the energy made available by the flow of electric charge through an electrical conductor.; Electric power - the rate at which electric energy is converted to or from another energy form, such as light, heat, or mechanical energy.; Electric charge - a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields.;

A spark of static electricity can measure up to three thousand (3,000) volts.

History of discovery

The ancient Greeks and Parthians knew of static electricity from rubbing objects against fur. The ancient Babylonians may have had some knowledge of electroplating, based on the discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resmbles a Galvanic cell.

Though Benjamin Franklin's famous "invention" of electricity by flying a kite in a thunderstorm turned out to be more fiction than fact, his theories on the relationship between lightning and static electricity sparked the interest of later scientists whose work provided the basis for modern electrical technology. Most notably these include Luigi Galvani (1737–1798), Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), Michael Faraday (1791–1867), André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836), and Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1854). The late 19th and early 20th century produced such giants of electrical engineering as Nikola Tesla, Samuel Morse, Antonio Meucci, Thomas Edison, George Westinghouse, Werner von Siemens, Charles Steinmetz, and Alexander Graham Bell.

Concepts in detail

Electric charge

Electric charge is a property of certain subatomic particles (e.g., electrons and protons) which interacts with electromagnetic fields and causes attractive and repulsive forces between them. Electric charge gives rise to one of the four fundamental forces of nature, and is a conserved property of matter that can be quantified. In this sense, the phrase "quantity of electricity" is used interchangeably with the phrases "charge of electricity" and "quantity of charge." There are two types of charge: we call one kind of charge positive and the other negative. Through experimentation, we find that like-charged objects repel and opposite-charged objects attract one another. The magnitude of the force of attraction or repulsion is given by Coulomb's law.